![]() ![]() Non-animal models in dermatological research. Strategies to use fibrinogen as bioink for 3D bioprinting fibrin-based soft and hard tissues. Sources of collagen for biomaterials in skin wound healing. 3D bioprinting of developmentally inspired templates for whole bone organ engineering. A comparison of different bioinks for 3D bioprinting of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage. Direct human cartilage repair using three-dimensional bioprinting technology. Totowa, NJ, USA: Humana Press.Ĭui, X., Breitenkamp, K., Finn, M. 3D Bioprinting: Principles and Protocols. Development of a self-assembled peptide/methylcellulose-base bioink for 3D bioprinting. Organ-derived decellularized extracellular matrix: A game changer for bioink manufacturing? Trends Biotechnol 36, 787-805. NS21: Re-defined and modified supplement B27 for neuronal cultures. ![]() Macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces epithelial expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: Impact on alveolar epithelial repair. Recombinant vitronectin is a functionally defined substrate that supports human embryonic stem cell self-renewal via alphavbeta5 integrin. Bioprinting and biofabrication with peptide and protein biomaterials. Animal models for influenza virus pathogenesis and transmission. Optimization of cell-laden bioinks for 3D bioprinting and efficient infection with influenza A virus. Tyk2 as a target for immune regulation in human viral/bacterial pneumonia. Matrigel: From discovery and ECM mimicry to assays and models for cancer research. ![]() A bioprinted cardiac patch composed of cardiac-specific extracellular matrix and progenitor cells for heart repair. 1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility. Applications of alginate-based bioinks in 3D bioprinting. The human plasma proteome: A nonredundant list developed by combination of four separate sources. Alginate-based hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles in cancer treatment and their applications in wound dressing and 3D bioprinting. Article DetailsĪbasalizadeh, F., Moghaddam, S. We propose denoting bioprinting strategies devoid of animal components as clean bioprinting. These approaches comprise the adaptation of cells to FBS-free media, the use of bioinks composed of synthetic or plant material, and the replacement of animal ingredients by materials of human origin. The present review will give an introduction to the potential of bioprinting to fabricate 3D models that may be substituted for animal experiments and will go on to describe strategies to replace animal components currently included in standard procedures of bioprinting. Finally, most bioinks currently in use contain gelatin or comparable animal components to improve cell viability and adhesion. In addition, Matrigel, the extracellular matrix (ECM) harvested from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma grown in mice, is widely employed to cultivate stem cells and 3D organ models. Virtually all studies published in the field to date make use of cells grown in media with fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, standard bioprinting procedures currently use numerous hidden animal components. By using human cells, humanized organ models can be generated that may produce more relevant results for human (patho-)physiology than animal models. While the ultimate goal of bioprinting approaches is to produce organs for transplantation purposes, bioprinted organ models also hold great potential for research purposes to serve as alternatives to animal experiments. Bioprinting is a rapidly developing technology that enables the exact positioning of living cells embedded in bio-materials in precise spatial arrangements to fabricate engineered tissues and organs. ![]()
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